Assessing the links between first aid training and community resilience 35 4 Conclusions > This study has identified linkages between features of community resilience and first aid training. While it is not possible to establish a causal relationship, we do identify significant relationships between features such as willingness and confidence to administer first aid and constituent elements of resilience such as social connectedness, community efficacy, learning and the spread of learning/ knowledge/skills. > We have also identified that the context and frequency of training are significant factors where community resilience features are present. In other words, in those people trained together and repeatedly we find heightened measures of the resilience elements tested for. > We have found significant evidence to suggest that willingness is not an outcome of first aid training. Put another way, first aid training per se will not increase our willingness to administer first aid in an emergency. However, confidence to administer first aid is an outcome of first aid training, although this wanes with the passing of time.